The pyramid is a representation of a pyramid of the hierarchy of needs, a theory of motivation developed from observations made in the 1940's by psychologist Abraham Maslow. The article
where Maslow exhibited for the first time his theory, A Theory of Human Motivation, is published in 1943. The pyramid is often attributed wrongly to the psychologist. It is in reality an interpretation
of the later of its work.
Level 2 of the pyramid of Maslow
The need of security is to protect against the various dangers that threaten us. They cover the need of a shelter (house, home), the security of revenues and resources, physical safety from violence, delinquency, aggressions, etc, the moral-psychological security, family stability, or, at least,
a certain degree of emotional security and social security (health).
Level 3 of the pyramid of Maslow
The need of belonging reveals the social dimension of the individual who has a need to feel
accepted by the groups in which he lives (family, work, association, ...). This need goes through the identity (name, first name), and the need to love and be loved.
Level 4 of the pyramid of Maslow
The need of esteem prolongs the need to belong. The individual wishes to be recognized as its own entity within the groups to which it belongs.
Level 5 of the pyramid of Maslow The need to accomplish is the summit of human aspirations. It aims to get out of a condition in a purely material to attain fulfillment. It is also the need
to participate, albeit modestly, to the betterment of the world.
The needs for esteem and needs for self-fulfillment according to Maslow/
The needs of esteem is the need of consideration, reputation and recognition, glory ... this one is by the other or by a group. The extent of the esteem may also be related to the awards granted to the person.
It is also the need for self-respect and self-confidence.
The needs of self-fulfillment
The need for self-actualization is the need to achieve, to exploit and develop their personal
potential in all areas of life.
This need may take various forms depending on the individuals.
For some this will be the need to study, to learn, to develop his skills and his personal knowledge;
for others it will be the need to create, to invent, to; for others it will be the creation of a life inside...
It is also the feeling that a person to make something of his life and give a meaning to his time on earth.
What is the Pyramid of Maslow ?
This model of evolution can be useful in many areas :
- In marketing, where it allows you to position a product, the pyramid proposing a methodology
that is clear and immediately understandable in the approach of the needs.
- Management, Maslow's hierarchy is also very much used because it helps to understand from a psychological point of view the aspirations and human behavior. The managers may as well check if the basic needs are covered, and if the individual is ripe for seeking to attain the level of satisfaction following.
- At the level of personal evolution in the world of work. In effect, the productivity of an employee (level 5) can be degraded if it does not feel integrated into the work team (level 3) or simply if he has not slept well ! (level 1)
- In personal relationships (couple, friends, family, etc.). Maslow's hierarchy can indeed bring a new vision to some of the problems in human relationships. In a couple, for example, each seeks to meet the needs of the level where it is located, sometimes different needs of the other.
Some variants of the pyramid of Maslow
Virginia Henderson was one of the first to question the pyramid of Maslow. It offers a variant on the basic needs of the human being, and classifies them into 14 levels :
Breathe /Eat and drink/ rest and sleep/to Eliminate /to Maintain its temperature /Safety for self
and for others /dress/ Clean body /To distract/ to Communicate/ To feel useful/Practice their
faith /learn, learn /achieve by oneself.
But this prioritization is also criticised for his side of the gearbox, because of one individual to another, the intensity is distributed in a different way, as well as the different phases of life (education, marriage, first child, retirement,...) influence the prioritization of needs.
Some of the models add to the pyramid of Maslow is a 6th level : The need of eternity,
of immortality, or simply time. Indeed, it is a need that is increasingly expressed in our society. Commercially, it is translated by the attraction to products that promise rejuvenation or to save time...
where Maslow exhibited for the first time his theory, A Theory of Human Motivation, is published in 1943. The pyramid is often attributed wrongly to the psychologist. It is in reality an interpretation
of the later of its work.
Need of self-fulfilment
|
Needs of esteem (confidence and self-respect, recognition and appreciation of others)
|
Needs of belonging and love (affection)
|
Security needs
(stable and predictable environment, without anxiety or crisis)
|
Physiological needs
(hunger, thirst, sex, breathing, sleep, elimination) |
Level 1 of the pyramid of Maslow
The physiological needs are related to the survival of individuals or species. These are typically practical needs (breathe, drink, defecate, eat, sleep, warmth) and can take on the consciousness if they are not satisfied. The presence at this level of the need to procreate is subject to discussion. It is useful for the species, does not seem to necessarily present in any individual, that is why the interpretations diverge.Level 2 of the pyramid of Maslow
The need of security is to protect against the various dangers that threaten us. They cover the need of a shelter (house, home), the security of revenues and resources, physical safety from violence, delinquency, aggressions, etc, the moral-psychological security, family stability, or, at least,
a certain degree of emotional security and social security (health).
Level 3 of the pyramid of Maslow
The need of belonging reveals the social dimension of the individual who has a need to feel
accepted by the groups in which he lives (family, work, association, ...). This need goes through the identity (name, first name), and the need to love and be loved.
Level 4 of the pyramid of Maslow
The need of esteem prolongs the need to belong. The individual wishes to be recognized as its own entity within the groups to which it belongs.
Level 5 of the pyramid of Maslow The need to accomplish is the summit of human aspirations. It aims to get out of a condition in a purely material to attain fulfillment. It is also the need
to participate, albeit modestly, to the betterment of the world.
The needs for esteem and needs for self-fulfillment according to Maslow/
The needs of esteem is the need of consideration, reputation and recognition, glory ... this one is by the other or by a group. The extent of the esteem may also be related to the awards granted to the person.
It is also the need for self-respect and self-confidence.
The needs of self-fulfillment
The need for self-actualization is the need to achieve, to exploit and develop their personal
potential in all areas of life.
This need may take various forms depending on the individuals.
For some this will be the need to study, to learn, to develop his skills and his personal knowledge;
for others it will be the need to create, to invent, to; for others it will be the creation of a life inside...
It is also the feeling that a person to make something of his life and give a meaning to his time on earth.
What is the Pyramid of Maslow ?
This model of evolution can be useful in many areas :
- In marketing, where it allows you to position a product, the pyramid proposing a methodology
that is clear and immediately understandable in the approach of the needs.
- Management, Maslow's hierarchy is also very much used because it helps to understand from a psychological point of view the aspirations and human behavior. The managers may as well check if the basic needs are covered, and if the individual is ripe for seeking to attain the level of satisfaction following.
- At the level of personal evolution in the world of work. In effect, the productivity of an employee (level 5) can be degraded if it does not feel integrated into the work team (level 3) or simply if he has not slept well ! (level 1)
- In personal relationships (couple, friends, family, etc.). Maslow's hierarchy can indeed bring a new vision to some of the problems in human relationships. In a couple, for example, each seeks to meet the needs of the level where it is located, sometimes different needs of the other.
Some variants of the pyramid of Maslow
Virginia Henderson was one of the first to question the pyramid of Maslow. It offers a variant on the basic needs of the human being, and classifies them into 14 levels :
Breathe /Eat and drink/ rest and sleep/to Eliminate /to Maintain its temperature /Safety for self
and for others /dress/ Clean body /To distract/ to Communicate/ To feel useful/Practice their
faith /learn, learn /achieve by oneself.
Some of the models add to the pyramid of Maslow is a 6th level : The need of eternity,
of immortality, or simply time. Indeed, it is a need that is increasingly expressed in our society. Commercially, it is translated by the attraction to products that promise rejuvenation or to save time...
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