The CIRCEPT: to bring order in his ideas!

CIRCEPT (for circular and concept), it is a tool proposed by Michel Fustier, sociologist, to organize the production of ideas. Its purpose is to structure the result of creative work by building a circular reading grid.

Additional brainstorming, this method allows working on different topics when the creativity of a group is required to solve a problem, find new development paths, etc..

The steps of the method CIRCEPT

Once the group consisting, each participant has a number of words evoked by the subject in question. To stimulate their creativity, they proceed by association, analogy, opposition. Brainstorming as other creative methods are all set for this phase of idea generation.

The working group then shares the results of their brainstorming, putting them together. They can use post-it practices to move within a table.

The next step is to form groups of words sorted by proximity to create general topics. A title is given to each group formed. Comparing these subjects together, participants will define 2 axis within a circle. 2 axes summarizing the different subjects on opposite dimensions. The ends of each axis are conflicting notions eg individual public vs / vs cheap cheap / low-end vs high-end ..

It only remains to position each topic and words associated to this circle as a function of the proximity of terms with each axis.

Once finalized, the interpretation is conducted across the concepts and arranged circularly

PRINCIPLE

From creativity techniques, the CIRCEPT (for circular and concept) is a tool developed by the sociologist Michel Fustier to represent on the same diagram, associations of ideas or judgements made spontaneously facing a concept.

In "The Inventive" (collective work of Modern Enterprise Edition - 1970), Michel Fustier tells how did the idea of ​​"circept" as he analysed fifty associations of ideas and analogies around the term "entrepreneur":

"The pictures were given bulk, opposing or calling each other. But under this apparent disorder, was hiding a structure. In fact, on the one hand each image or each group of images, was close to a picture or other image group, and, secondly, could be found in the list provided images absolutely contrary to each other. under these two characteristics, it was possible storing these images around a circular form, each point of the figure having thus neighborhoods and oppositions. "

This led him to develop a form of graphical representation and circular (rather than literary and linear) to account for the different voltages or "images" contained in a term (here, the word "entrepreneur") knowing that these tensions are not necessarily opposites (white / black), but can match complementaries, shades along each axis.

SCOPE OF CIRCEPT

The circept can be used to present the semantic territory in which fits a word or concept. It allows to account for the variety of perceptions and associations of ideas, structuring them along the corresponding axes.

By extension, it can also be used to give a synthetic representation and dynamics of a project (economic or otherwise) that highlights the different dimensions in which it falls (any project simultaneously several goals, sometimes contradictory often complementary). The circept then forms a "conceptual compass" that guides the discussion and facilitate decision (each new decision can be sifted from circept, to check that it fits well in the original project).

EXAMPLES OF USE

A) Research associations linked to the word "cane":

The word "rod" is defined as follows in a dictionary: "Stem straight certain plants // // Leg pop Shaped member on which the hand is pressed in walking.".

This objective definition (centered on the object) covers only partially associations of ideas that may come to mind when one is subjected to the stimulus "cane". So if you ask a group of people to note the 5 or 6 first ideas that appear they hear the word cane, we get a very varied list of terms "wood", "punishment", "disability", " knob "," duck "," Festival "," Dominique Strauss "," wandering "," old "," stick "," light "," hiking "," umbrella ", ...

By classifying terms as mentioned, we get several sets of families, which may be opposed or complementary. For example, the concept of disability is opposed to that motion, sugar cane and wood, have two plants statements; the duck or the city of Cannes belong to a family of homonyms, etc.

The circept then can account for the variety of perceptions and associations of ideas in structuring the corresponding axes:

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What's the best Methods to solve a problem ?

Summary record

Solving a problem is to rely on a large number of existing tools.It certainly should control the ones you use, but also know which to choose depending on the problem to be treated depending on where you stand. Because once again, the relevance is required.

For example brainstorming techniques are effective to investigate causes of dysfunction and to find possible solutions. Either all phases where creativity is the driving force. But in terms of implementing the solution, this tool is not suitable. The action plan is of course perfect for this step.

The implementation of these methodologies requires rigor. They only work if the conditions are met. 

Here is the place of a simple method with some possible tools

Steps	Examples of tools
1 - Definition - identifying the problem to be addressed	Brainstorming - QQOCQP - affinity diagram
2 - Description of the problem	QQOCQP - Pareto diagram (20/80)  - affinity diagram
3 - Research and evaluation of the causes	Brainstorming -  Diagram Hishikawa
4 - Search and selection of solutions	Brainstorming - Decision Matrix - value analysis - tree diagram
5 - Implementation of the solution	Action plan - Pert - Gantt schedule
6 - Effects Monitoring	Log sheet -  Pareto diagram (20/80)

The next article will discuss about : 

The steps of the method CIRCEPT

Don't forget to share with us you suggestion for our next topics 

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Create a construction project: 3- know complete the projects

Hallo everybody , today we will talking about the 3rd part of steps to create a construction project.

This part talk about how to "know complete the projects" . This idea will give us a general view about the next step, why ? Simply :

When the project comes to an end, the mission is not over ...
It is essential to capitalize on the recent experience in the context of the continuous improvement of its practices.

Indeed it is a shame to miss the monitoring of implementation. Budgetary and human investments that generally deserves more team involvement in the post project phase.
Why ? How? Selected publications on this page provide some answers.

There are a lot of tools to evaluate this step:

Create a database as cloud to know what's done and what's the next ?
Use special tools or management tools as: Ishikawa, PDCA, FMEA, 5 Whys...

But, when we found some mistakes, what we should do ? yes correct the project , but sometimes we don't have time , then ? In this case is better as project manager to use some technical tools for your project from the beginning like :

* Use the implementation and prediction for all steps
* Planning, monitoring and observing the progress of quality gold over a period of time; keep under systematic review
* Functional analysis and tender specifications

  Next post will talking about the 4th steps : Methods for managing a project

We stay in touches 
Have good reading with Iliasnotes

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Create a construction project: 2- How to lead a project?

Once the specification is put together, it's time to enter the concrete implementation phase. The project manager works with his team on planned points in the action plan. 

Its role is to manage his group to make the most of these skills. It can of course take a more operational role if certain tasks are within its fields of competence. But in general its mission is to organize and lead the work sessions while keeping track of the progress of work in agreement with the order planning. 

He coordinates external resources and mobilize the budgetary resources.

In the event of significant slippage it is his responsibility to refer to higher authority to decide what position to take. Precisely, it ensures the link with the steering committee to keep it regularly informed of the implementation of the various stages for validation. 

Another task in its function: it implements the communication plan. An essential tool for the success of the project both in terms of implication, that of coordination. Indeed, delivering the right information at the right time allows each person involved (directly or not) understand the ins and outs of running tasks. The benefit: reducing barriers to change. For members of the project team is power and put his achievements in the collective work. A key less tension and stress.

 1- Communication

Again improvisation is not appropriate. The communication plan is the same rigor to build an effective strategy.

The challenges are to allow all stakeholders and the team to have a vision of the purpose and project objectives. Everyone should have the same level of information. This is an important point to involve stakeholders and reduce resistance to change.

The design of such a document is similar to the method used by the marketing department set goals, know the target, expectations, risks they perceive that they can win, it may lose and according to provide consistent tools to get your messages. Do not hesitate also to plan actions com. A brief setting precise music effective.

Note that the targets are not only internal clients. Suppliers, customers (the real you charge ...), etc. may integrate your plan depending on the scope of future work ..

Question support, it is not necessary to innovate too. Again think effective. Part of your target is keen on the Intranet home, then contact them through this tool.

2- Management and project tracking

To operate effectively, the dashboard is the essential tool.

2 main objectives:

   -Follow the progress of various stages.

   -Follow the gaps between forecasts and achievements in terms of financial resources, timelines and deliverables.

It also allows communication with the team and stakeholders through follow-up meetings.

To design an effective tool, it must select the relevant indicators, representative of the progress of work in line with the objectives.

3- How to manage changes?

Managing change is an essential instrument to accompany the transformations generated by new projects.

Unfortunately the technical aspects are often priority over human concerns. Yet the success must go with the acceptance of the new organization and new missions / associated tasks.

There are effective methods to support its employees during transformations and manage resistance that may appear. Resistors, a natural reaction to any new situation. Ignoring them does not solve anything if not to inflame. Depending on their nature, they can be prevented or treated as they arise.

4- Project difficulty: what to do?

What if the budgetary allocation is reached before the entire cost has been committed? What attitude should you adopt when in the middle of the ford, you realize that the time will "explode"?

These slippages occur frequently when the number of ongoing projects beyond the control of the entity's capacity. As manager, you are facing a very difficult situation, because the success of your mission is at stake.

How did you get here? Mistakes and blunders are inevitable. To prevent problems, it is imperative to monitor the progress of work and the differences with the forecast. That's what good is a control dashboard: early identification of risks, to prevent them before it is too late. You are then able to titrate the alarm with the steering committee, or your boss (following the structure of your business). However, when the damage is done, what solutions are available?

The first step is to conduct a rapid diagnosis to redefine the objectives and actions to be undertaken urgently: ask yourself, meet decision makers and negotiate new deadlines, budgets and human resources, as appropriate. Face the situation with lucidity not to persevere ... wrong.

If the project is on the path of failure, it is highly likely that the scoping phase was deficient or that unforeseen events have guests during the game ...

You will notice that this diagnosis can also enter to stop the project!

Build a recovery plan with encryption means and the new planning.

Put in place the new shares with a very strict monitoring. Remember, you are in crisis. Your mission is to save the project with your battle plan.

Finally, capitalize on this experience in analyzing the causes of the skid. The worst is not to make mistakes, but do not remember anything!

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Create a construction project: 1- Fit Project

The framing is defining the future work. This phase reminder draft its genesis and its usefulness in answering the question: why?

Or the client (s) are identified. Understanding the need of the foundation is essential to secure consistent objectives and give every chance for success at work. Just specify the objectives is the second point of the scoping phase. Thereafter it should describe future work in two horizons: Time and budget. For the first, set the end date and expected for the second estimate an overall package.

Another clarification is useful, what are the types of actors involved. That is to say generally mention the services and profiles without naming specific employees. The project manager is usually already selected.

This reflection leads to a concept note. It is usually after the meeting of the applicants and the client. It allows to communicate internally and to be used as a first reference before going further. It also requires the participation of the team in its drafting. They must take ownership of the tasks ahead.

This note contains descriptive information such as stakeholders, the team leader. It also informs on its foundation: the needs and objectives. It specifies its scope (services, processes ...). It establishes the means and maturity after describing the major stages.

1- Knowing how to organize projects

For a successful project, everything is a question of organization. Do not hesitate to invest time in the previous reflection before launching and managing the work.

The parameters to control are numerous. To organize a project method, it should take the steps, one by one, to initialize in planning means drawing on best practices.

The work ahead is to this very important title because from the items collected from stakeholders and means of the structure, "project manager" can build a tailored approach to achieve the objectives of the project.

2- Initialization of the book

To complete a project, it must be started! It is obvious that it bears repeating.

A basic error is to misunderstand the client's needs. What happens then the deliverable? ...

3- The project's objectives

The purpose of the project is fundamental to its success. It takes shape in setting specific objectives for this future work.

It is hard to imagine an investment whose purpose have not been clearly established. Any good manager knows.

Their definition is closely linked with the needs expressed. They bring this binder between the gross and operational needs expression that will allow teams to get to work. They know exactly what they will produce, when and at what cost. The issues are already often difficult to treat, it is not useful to add more blur on the results to be obtained. The efficiency as there!

Speaking of goals, good practices in other areas are also valid here. Including the famous SMART, an acronym that characterizes a perfect target.

4- Be responsible for projects

A real conductor.

This is special because the manager in question does not benefit from hierarchical power. It's a cross-functional manager. It must, through its expertise, continually prove their skills with members of his team.

We can easily understand that he must hold strong personal qualities: listening, negotiating capacity of moving men, etc. Short of leadership! It is a difficult role, but really exciting for someone who has the qualifications. The routine does not know it. Besides, he does not have time to really waste time on such tasks. It is constantly in action: definition of needs, coordination of resources, reporting to stakeholders ... The process is its framework, he is able to understand the mode of operation of various types of organization. It is broken on the technical and problem-solving tools.

5- Building the project team

To build an effective team, two priorities are to be considered: create a real group spirit and gather useful and sufficient technical skills to achieve the assigned objectives.

The relational side is a very important if not crucial, as the most complex to manage is the human.

With all the interactions within the project team between individuals who react according to their experience and their needs or personal strategies, the role of leader is fundamental. Indeed, he has to work this little world in perfect harmony within a specified time. The exercise requires excellent qualities and leadership skills and a leadership (the group recognition are recognized qualities of head and not his status).

6- Managing Project Risk

Risk is an integral part of project management. New creation generates uncertainties and shadows. It is therefore necessary to master the potential threats to achieve the objectives. Focus on key principles.

The approach and best practices to remember are to draw on the risk management methods generally either for a project, a new activity, a new structure, a presence in a country, etc. That is to say work on two major phases: analysis of the project's vulnerabilities and responses that the group can bring.

The aim is to prevent these risks and if necessary to anticipate their treatment to be ready when the time comes.

7- Tools and methods for project planning

To achieve the objective, planning is an essential phase. Without it, nothing is under control, the project manager and his team would sail in sight.

Indeed, planning aims to organize the sequence of steps of the project in time. A key task for the control of deadlines.

Usually to plan a project, the first phase is to cut it into several stages, to estimate the duration, identify sequence of steps (including those which may be conducted in parallel), allocate resources (financial and human) and finally model this organization on an operational document shared among all stakeholders.

There are various tools and methods presented in this dossier, notably through the selection of publications.

8- Write a specification

All projects must be changed in a specification. This document is the entry point to plan and manage the progress of operations and define what should be the deliverables.
A certain formalism is required for it to be understood by all stakeholders. The objectives are clearly defined.

There are several types of document. Include Mainly the Functional Specifications (MFS) that describe the functions that the solution to complete and accurate technical for him that the technical specifications to be met.

The two together are the basis in drafting the official document to launch external tenders or mobilize internal resources.

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Interpreting POLICE In Management Parlance

The POLICE Acronym:
P = Planning and Promoting efficiency
O= Objectivity in action
L = Leadership sustaining Loyalty
I =  Innovative to core
C = Conscientious citizen
E = Effective at work.

CONTROLLING COSTS
Employing Good records management practices: has a positive impact on your office's bottom line. Records management and Records Management Services (RMS) can help you to:
 Cut records storage costs - Storing and Maintaining Unnecessary records is expensive. Through records retention schedules,
RMS Enables Timely the destruction of records When They-have no further value to the organization. This Reduces the
overall costs associated with storage (On-Site and off-site), server costs (for electronic records and email) and costs
associated with servicing records.
o Records Management Services can help you manage your office's offsite storage by providing good account records
inventories and Notifying you automatically When records are ready for destruction.
o Records Management Services partners with the Harvard Depository Records Center to offer off-Site Records
storage to Harvard at a lower rate sales offices than storage vendors.
 Avoid Unnecessary purchasing office equipment- in the typical office, 40% of the records are maintained in-office
Unnecessarily. By Following records management guidelines for retention and disposition and using less expensive off-website
storage for infrequently used records, filing offices can forestall purchasing equipment and supplies.
 Make Information Easier and less Costly to retrieve and use - the Inability to find information wastes time and money.
Good recordkeeping systems and practices Improve accessibility to information and information Reduce handling costs.
 Minimize risk - Decrease the likelihood of litigation Losses, unfavorable audit Findings gold other penalties resulting and from unauthorized destruction of records and missing documents.
 Explore cost-effective technology solutions for your records - while storage media for electronic records May be comparatively inexpensive, Storing wide volumes of information is not cheap. Managing electronic records is resource intensive. RMS can help you to your electronic records for Assessment and Management Plan needs improvement projects.

PROMOTING EFFICIENCY

Records Management Enables Harvard to administer resources and information more Efficiently by Reducing the amount of duplication, Costly errors, and the amount of time and productivity lost searching for or recreating information. Records Management and Records Management Services (RMS) can help you to:

 Save time - it's Estimated That in a typical organization, at least 20% of staff time is Spent looking for information. Computer 7.5% of users Spend Their Time PC was looking for misplaced files. Good records management and information Enables records to be retrieved Quickly and reliably, thus reducing this time considerably.
 Increased employee productivity - When there is a glut of unmanaged records and information, it is difficulty for employed to locate the information That They need to do Their jobs and to take advantage of the content and intellectual property that may already exist in the office. With proper records management, information is more Easily and Effectively located, retrieved, and re-used.

 Optimize premium office space - better please use limited office space by reducing unnecessary records, particularly duplicates and records beyond Their retention period, and expensive on-Site equipment Such as filing cabinets, office space Freeing up for other for people and uses.

 Improve capacity to Collaborate and share information - good organization and management of records allows for easy access to information and the sharing of information.

 Support decision making - Establishing records management controls Improves the reliability and availability of crucial information so-have information staff They need to make decisions in a Timely Manner. Access to the collective memory of the office also provides precedents for action, and the need to prevent prevention should 're-invent the wheel.'

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Priciples of management: Description

THE PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT? DESCRIPTION

The Management Principles from Henri Fayol (1841-1925) are:

Division of Work. Specialization allows the individual to build up experience, and to continuously improve his skills. Thereby he can be more productive.

Authority. The right to issue commands, along with which must go the balanced responsibility for its function.

Discipline. Employees must obey, but this is two-sided: employees will only obey orders if management play their part by providing good leadership.

Unity of Command. Each worker should have only one boss with no other conflicting lines of command.

Unity of Direction. People engaged in the same kind of activities must have the same objectives in a single plan. This is essential to ensure unity and coordination in the enterprise. Unity of command does not exist without unity of direction but does not necessarily flows from it.

Subordination of individual interest (to the general interest). Management must see that the goals of the firms are always paramount.

Remuneration. Payment is an important motivator although by analyzing a number of possibilities, Fayol points out that there is no such thing as a perfect system.

Centralization (or Decentralization). This is a matter of degree depending on the condition of the business and the quality of its personnel.

Scalar chain (Line of Authority).A hierarchy is necessary for unity of direction. But lateral communication is also fundamental, as long as superiors know that such communication is taking place. Scalar chain refers to the number of levels in the hierarchy from the ultimate authority to the lowest level in the organization. It should not be over-stretched and consist of too-many levels.

Order Both material order and social order are necessary. The former minimizes lost time and useless handling of materials. The latter is achieved through organization and selection.

Equity. In running a business a ‘combination of kindliness and justice’ is needed. Treating employees well is important to achieve equity.

Stability of Tenure of Personnel. Employees work better if job security and career progress are assured to them. An insecure tenure and a high rate of employee turnover will affect the organization adversely.

Initiative: Allowing all personnel to show their initiative in some way is a source of strength for the organization. Even though it may well involve a sacrifice of ‘personal vanity’ on the part of many managers.

Team Spirit (Esprit de Corps). Management must foster the morale of its employees. He further suggests that: “real talent is needed to coordinate effort, encourage keenness, use each person’s abilities, and reward each one’s merit without arousing possible jealousies and disturbing harmonious relations.”

WHAT IS MANAGEMENT? FIVE ELEMENTS

Fayol's definition of management roles and actions distinguishes between Five Elements:

Forsight (Forecast & Plan). Examining the future and drawing up a plan of action. The elements of strategy.

To organize. Build up the structure, both material and human, of the undertaking.

To command. Maintain the activity among the personnel.

To coordinate. Binding together, unifying and harmonizing all activity and effort.

To control. Seeing that everything occurs in conformity with established rule and expressed command.

ORIGIN OF THE 14 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT. HISTORY

Henri Fayol (1841-1925) was a French management theorist whose theories in management and organization of labor were widely influential in the beginning of 20th century. He was a mining engineer who worked for a French mining company Commentry-Fourchamboult-Decazeville, first as an engineer. Then he moved into general management and became Managing Director from 1888 to 1918. During his tenure as Managing Director he wrote various articles on 'administration' 

USAGE OF THE 14 MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES. APPLICATIONS

*Change and Organization.

*Decision-making.

*Skills. Can be used to improve the basic effectiveness of a manager.

*Understand that management can be seen as a variety of activities, which can be listed and grouped

Source: 12manage.com and general science magazine

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Physics: Physicists detect a particle that is its own antiparticle

Using a copper wire width of an atom only, physicists from Princeton University have managed to show a particle predicted in 1937, but had never been observed until now for sure: the particle Majorana (see red area in the zoomed portion of the image). Credits: Yazdani Lab, Princeton University

A particle that is also its own antiparticle? This is known Majorana particle. Predicted in 1937, it has first to be detected by physicists from Princeton University (USA).
Physicists detected for the first time the existence of a said Majorana particle. Majorana particle? Predicted in 1937 by the Italian physicist Ettore Majorana, a Majorana particle is both matter and antimatter ....

Let us briefly recall what antimatter. The particles of antimatter have the same mass as their equivalent material but carry an opposite charge. For example, the positron, positively charged, is the antiparticle of the electron, negatively charged. Particulate matter and antimatter are always produced together, as a pair. Yet around us is almost exclusively composed of matter, which suggests that during the evolution of the Universe, very large quantities of antimatter have been "lost" (read more about antimatter, read this article extension antimatter published on the CERN site)

In practice this means that the particle Majorana is electrically neutral, since combining opposite charges (the charge of the particle, and the burden of the antiparticle, opposite to that of the particle). 

That said, let the circumstances of the discovery of this particle Majorana. To detect the physicist Ali Yazdani (Princeton University, USA) and colleagues have created a superconducting copper wire (Superconductivity is a phenomenon in which a material transports electricity with zero electrical resistance) off of an atom only. And it is by observing the end of the wire using a scanning tunnelling microscope that they discovered there the presence of Majorana particle.

Obviously, this methodology was not chosen at random: in 2001, the physicist Alexei Kitaev had indeed predicted that a Majorana particle would be likely to appear at the end of a superconducting wire. Where the methodology chosen by the authors of the new work.

Note that the discovery of this particle could lead to applications in quantum computers. Contrary to the "classical" computers, one of the essential principles of quantum computers based on the idea that an information unit may be worth while both 0 and 1 (corresponding to a state that physicists called "quantum superpositition"), which is obviously not the case in the binary system used by our computers, where an information unit can not argue that either of the two values ​​0 and 1.

This work was published October 2, 2014 in the journal Science, entitled "Observation of Majorana fermions in atomic chains ferromagnetic superconductor was".

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Researchers find the strongest natural material in the world

The tooth of a limpet, this marine gastropod with a conical shell, is nothing less than the strongest biological material known to date, reveals a new study.

So far, spider silk was considered the strongest natural material in the world (read "soon The body armor products spider silk?" On the Figaro), stronger than steel and kevlar. But spider silk has been dethroned by a new biological material even stronger: the teeth of limpets, these marine gastropods have a conical shell. A discovery made by British scientists from the University of Portsmouth.

In fact, the strength of its teeth is valuable for limpet: it is thanks to them that the limpet can "shred" effectively the surface of the rocks, in order to remove the algae to feed.

In reaching the conclusion that the teeth of the patella is the strongest biological structures in the world, professor of engineering Asa Barber (University of Portsmouth. UK) and colleagues analyzed the mechanical behavior of teeth limpet to using an atomic force microscope, a tool to visualize the surface topography of a sample to the nanometer scale.

In this work, these scientists discovered the secret of solidity teeth limpet: the presence in them of goethite, a mineral that develops gradually as the limpet grows.

This discovery could enable the development of new superhard materials. Indeed, by copying the fibrous tooth structure limpets, it might well be possible to design very solid structures used in the manufacture of cars, aircraft or boat hulls.

This work was published February 18, 2015 in the journal Interface, entitled "Extreme strength Observed in limpet teeth".

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** Apple prepare a close GoPro camera **

Apple is currently working on the development of a mini camera, similar to those offered by the manufacturer GoPro (above). Credits: GoPro / Hero4

Apple filed a patent for a small portable camera, near the Mini-cameras currently sold by GoPro. After analysis of the patent, it appears that this new camera has neither more nor less ambition to dethrone the GoPro cameras, including through greater strength.

Apple will launch there soon a mini camera, similar to those currently offered by GoPro, but enjoying greater strength? In any case that suggests a patent filed by the firm at the apple, which focuses specifically on the development of a small portable camera.

Specifically, this patent was originally filed in 2012 by Kodak. It was later acquired by Apple in November 2013, on the occasion of a sale of portfolio containing over one thousand patents.
What does this patent? First, it explicitly mentions the GoPro brand, evoking the fragility of cameras sold by this manufacturer. This already suggests that the camera system protected by this patent is not far GoPro cameras.

But this patent also mentions other elements: it indeed indicates that the camera system described in this patent can be integrated with helmets for bicycle, the diving equipment, or be mounted on motorcycles or surfboards. So many uses for which the GoPro cameras are used in preferred manner.

And that's not all. Because the patent acquired by Apple as evoking this camera system could be remotely controlled by an iPhone, stating that such a system could be used to capture images, but also sound, as part of underwater dives.

Following the revelation of the existence of the patent, to the credit of the US blog Patently Apple (read the post "Apple Granted Patent is for a Superior-like GoPro Camera System" devoted to this new camera system) stock market operators are not mistaken: the new camera described in this patent acquired by Apple does have the ambition to dethrone the GoPro cameras, that the fall in the stock GoPro action of 12%, the occurrence January 13, clearly illustrates. 

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** Divers discover a huge sunfish **

VIDEO - Exploring the waters along the Portuguese island of Santa Maria, divers fell nose to nose with a fish moon of exceptional size.

A huge sunfish. This is the amazing encounter recently made by divers who explored the coastal waters of the island of Santa Maria (Portugal).

This discovery was filmed by divers, and posted on YouTube October 11, 2015.

"The fish moon did not seem bothered by our presence," said Miguel Pereira on the Youtube page of the video. "He followed us for 15 minutes."

Sunfish, the heaviest of all the bony fish known to date, is characterized by a mass which can easily exceed a ton. He played in most tropical and temperate waters of the world.

In a peaceful nature, the moon fish feed primarily on jellyfish.

Here is the video made by Divers:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5SpxY5OLLxc

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What differences between the United States and the European Union?

Lawyers say that the European Union and the United States are completely different. They are probably right. But from the point of view of the average citizen, the similarities in everyday life are many, although there are still some fundamental differences.

Similarities

Let's start with the obvious: the USA as in much of Europe, citizens use a single currency, identical to that of neighboring states. The borders between states are also fully open within the Union.

As in Europe, the USA, a number of areas remain the responsibility of the States: traffic, certain taxes, social security, minimum wage, certain areas of justice (the laws on marriage, drugs or port arms for example), etc. opt-out procedures also exist for certain legislation at the federal level (eg opt-out may exist for certain parts of the reform of the health system wanted by Barack Obama).

At the political level, some courses are demanding more independence of states from the federal government, in contrast, other trends want more control by the Union. The governors, senators, and other local elected officials in the United States indeed retain great importance in daily life.

Differences

Historical differences are obvious: the United States of America were born there more than 200 years, a willingness of the British colonies to break free of the Crown. Europe meanwhile is built for less than a century, gradually, block after block (first by coal and steel, then by an economic area, etc.) What is still missing Europe to unite all its citizens, it is the direct election of a President. We saw it in 2008, the election of the US President has gathered all Americans - and this even if the power of it is still quite limited in practice. In the European Union, for against, parliamentary elections were marked by a decline in participation rates. The Euro-enthusiasts also calling for political parties transnational lists and the proposal of a candidate for President of the Commission during the parliamentary campaign to better politicize the debate.

Another fundamental difference between the US and the EU is language: even if the plurality of accents (sometimes different as to be almost incomprehensible to one another) is real, the English language is the norm in the US . Follows a media presence on all the US territory, something that does not exist in Europe where 23 official languages ​​coexist.The link of citizens in general and in particular policies "Founding Fathers" is also very different: in the USA, it is common in political discussions, referring to it; while in the EU, few people even know the names of the founders of Europe, let alone the principles that have guided. Finally, the US citizen feels totally American, while in contrast, is the first European will claim (or only) to its original state.

Is Europe must model the United States of America?

Probably not: the similarities exist, but it is not simply copying the USA that we will move Europe forward. By cons, it is worth looking at in detail these differences; Why not take some ideas there. As mentioned above, give a European dimension to the election of MEPs, with transnational lists and a nominee for the presidency of the Commission, could gather voters around really European issues, and give more substance to political Europe . Similarly, the history of European integration and the principles that have guided still too little known, undermining European sentiment.

A greater presence on the international stage, with common positions and coordinated responses among Member States, could also gather all Europeans; it is this idea that guided the creation of the post of High Representative for Foreign Policy, occupied since December 2009 by Catherine Ashton, but we are still far from having achieved this. Finally, it is important, even essential, to keep the cultural and linguistic diversity of Europe. This wealth must be preserved, but we must push for greater understanding between Member States - not only linguistic but also cultural.

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Aloe Vera (Aloes) , New research , New Uses

Since 6000 years, aloe is used in both herbal medicine in dermatology and cosmetology. Clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of its therapeutic properties in the treatment of some dermal diseases, gastrointestinal disorders and is an excellent antioxidant to fight against cellular aging.

Scientific name: Aloe vera , Aloe barbadensis

Common names: aloe, lilies of the desert

English name: Aloe vera

Botanical Classification: lily family ( Liliaceae )

Forms and preparations: gel, milk, juice, capsules, lotions, creams, drinks

medicinal properties of Aloe vera

INTERNAL USE

Hypoglycemic effects (low blood sugar levels in the blood) and cholesterol (lipid lowering): management of diabetes 2 and hypocholesterolemia. Gastrointestinal disorders: constipation punctual, flatulence.

Antioxidant effect: acts against cellular aging. Other: effective against chronic fatigue, candida and periodontitis . Its gel minimizes the risk of infection and has superior nutritional properties.

EXTERNAL USE

Relieves skin conditions: acne, eczema, psoriasis, burns, boils, itchiness.Analgesic effect light: joint pain , muscle and sensitivity.

USUAL THERAPEUTIC INDICATIONS

To relieve gastrointestinal problems, soften dehydrated skin, irritated or dry.

demonstrated therapeutic indications

In the case of diabetes, for its hypoglycemic effect. To treat irritable bowel syndrome and chronic constipation.

History of the use of Aloe vera herbal medicine

The Aloe vera find its origins in Africa and some islands in the Indian Ocean. The gel of this plant was already used to treat skin problems and constipation in ancient Greece and ancient Egypt. For some historians, the Spaniards have imported raw aloe plants in America, around the sixteenth century. In 1820, there is mention of Aloe vera in the official Pharmacopoeia of the United States and in 1935 a group of American doctors are used in the treatment of burns consecutive to exposure to X-rays since interest in this plant the hundred virtues has been increasing worldwide.

Botanical description of Aloe vera

Plant of the lily family, such as asparagus , tulip, lily, onion, garlic and chives, theAloe vera is one of monocots. The plant is about 70 cm high, its roots are shallow, and it consists of a variable number of fleshy leaves, triangular, pointed at the ends. Small pale yellow spines are often present on the periphery of its leaves. Flowering, yellow light, appears on stems in the shape of trumpets and its fruit is capsular. Its gel, pale green slime, is taken from the center of the leaves, while the latex is extracted from the small channels present in its stem.This plant grows on limestone and sandy soil, in a warm atmosphere and rather dry. It is grown commercially in the United States, the Caribbean, the Philippines and Mexico.

Composition of Aloe vera

PARTS USED

Its gel and latex are used in herbal medicine and naturopathy; dermatology and cosmetology, only the gel is operated.

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

anthracene derivatives sap aloin, aloe emodin, aloïnosides and hydroxy-aloins.

Mono and polysaccharides: cellulose, mannose, glucose, aldopentose and L-rhamnose.

amino acids: aspartic acid, isoleucine, hydroxiproline, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, théonine, valine, leucine (essential amino acids) and proline, serine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, alanine, arginine, cystine, glycine, histidine (secondary amino acids). Vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12 and PP.

minerals: calcium, copper, chromium, chlorine, lithium, iron, manganese, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and zinc. Enzymes catalase, amylase, lipase, cellulase, oxidase and phosphatases.

Other items: aloenin aloesin, cinnamic acid, résistanol, lignin chrysophanic acid, saponins, volatile oils and choline.

Use and dosage of Aloe vera

DOSAGE

- In the gel, the Aloe vera should be applied in thin layers directly on the skin.

- In juice consumption 50 ml per day is the maximum dose.

- In the form of capsules, the recommended dosage is 200 to 300 mg per day.

Precautions Aloe vera

It is best to focus on brands that do not contain aloin. It should avoid sun exposure after gel application of aloe vera on the skin, due to the risk of photosensitivity.

CONS-INDICATIONS

The consumption of its latex is not suitable for pregnant women, young children and people suffering from the syndrome irritable bowel , ulcers, heart or kidney problems. It is ineffective pursuant to infected lesions.

SIDE EFFECTS

Abdominal cramps and diarrhea can occur when the latex of Aloe vera is used in high doses or for a long time.

INTERACTIONS WITH MEDICINAL HERBS OR SUPPLEMENTS

The gel and latex should not be taken simultaneously with plants laxative effect, hypoglycemic and hypercholesterolemic.

INTERACTIONS WITH DRUGS

Avoid taking latex or drink gel along with drugs to laxative effect or which lower the blood sugar and cholesterol .

Doctor's opinion

THE KNOWN BENEFITS

The Aloe vera is a true ally, every day, nutritionally. Eighty members of the 200 that constitute it, are proving to be important nutrients for better health (amino acids, vitamins, minerals, mono and polysaccharides, enzymes). The presence of choline helps to control cholesterol, provides good functioning of the liver and is involved in memory processes. The Aloe vera is particularly useful to prevent or fight against constipation.

Aloe gel improves the condition of mature skin because it has biogenic stimulating properties. It multiplies by 7 or 8, the production of fibroblasts, which create human collagen. Moisturizing and emollient softens irritated skin, burned surface or very dry.

AWARNING

For ingestion of the gel of Aloe vera oral or its latex, liquid or capsules, follow the dosage indicated on the containers. If in doubt, it is best to seek advice from their doctor or pharmacist.

Research on Aloe vera

The latest scientific research has focused on gels and creams made ​​with aloe vera and were conducted in dermatology. Another research on the action of Aloe vera gel on gingivitis failed to confirm its effectiveness. Furthermore, other clinical trials were conducted in the field of diabetes treatment, the genital herpes and chronic constipation. Some results have indicated that a topical product containing 0.5% extract of Aloe vera was more effective than placebo to help treat lesions caused by herpes genital.

General Science Magazine and Doctissimo

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