Where does the water in the oceans?

Am I right to think that, since the formation of the atmosphere as we know it today, the amount of water on Earth has remained the same except for the" rejected "outside the atmosphere by astronauts?

If we took certain liberties in interpreting the issue, we could probably answer something like: "Yes, roughly." The total amount of water present on Earth (the "hydrosphere") today is essentially the same since the atmosphere is pretty much what it is today. We are talking about a period dating back a few hundred million years to have concentrations of nitrogen and oxygen, more or less comparable to those of today (78% and 21%), but in regarding the amount of water on Earth, there is good reason to believe it is less stable for much longer than that -to only a few hundred million years after the formation of the planet, which dates back to 4.5 billion-years, said the professor of geology at the University Laval François Huot.

But now, and that is what chicote, the question of our reader is phrasee so that itsuggests that the hydrosphere is a completely closed and sealed system. Which is far from being the case. In fact, only systems closed in this story are international gearthat is sent into orbit and the Space Station. Apart from slight losses with waste water,we confirms to the Canadian Space Agency, not a single drop of H2O sweat flares, theSSI or combinations of astronaut. To say everything, even the urine of astronauts isrecycled water.

Now, on the floor of the cows, the hydrosphere fluctuates constantly since the dawnof time. Of course, on the total amount of water, these variations and these exchangeswith the space is tiny to insignificance, but they have not always existed.

It was long believed that the formation of the Earth was "dry", meaning that there wasno water at the birth of our planet, or that the little bit of H2O this would havevanished by the intense heat that prevailed here down at this time. Hydrosphere, it was believed, would have happened or may have formed later, possibly by thebombardment of meteorites - some of which, "carbonaceous chondrites", maycontain up to 20% water.

Finally, include that even when she stays on Earth, water is not immune to the changes: plants and cyanobacteria have ceased to turn into sugar during photosynthesis. So from this point of view, the hydrosphere is not perfectly fixed.

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Manipulated light projections become 3D-printed jewellery with Tactum

Digital research studio Madlab has developed a system that combines projection mapping with depth and motion sensing technologies to create customised jewellery and other items worn around the wrist.

Called Tactum, the system generates interactive projections that wrap around the topography of the user's arm, which can be 3D-scanned in advance for added accuracy. These images respond to gestures that enable the real-time modelling of wearable objects.

The system ensures that no matter how much the form is manipulated, it will always be produceable with a 3D printer and the final object will fit the user.

"Pre-scanning the body is not entirely necessary when designing a wearable in Tactum," said the studio. "However, it ensures an exact fit once the printed form is placed back on the body."

Once completed, the designs can be exported as data files to a variety of different types of printer.

The first prototypes for Tactum have relied on depth and motion sensors in existing devices, like a Microsoft Kinect, to map the geometry of the body as well as track the hand gestures like pinching and pulling used to manipulate the design.

These sensors feed the information on each gesture into a modelling programme to make live adjustments to the design, which are projected back onto the skin, creating a loop of information.

Hard constraints can be programmed in to fit the projections to specific parameters – for example, the exact dimensions of an existing watch face that must fit into a strap designed using Tactum.

This means imprecise human gestures, which are only accurate to the size of a fingertip, can be combined with the precision necessary for designing around an existing object.

"Between the 3D scan, the intelligent geometry, and intuitive interactions, Tactum is able to coordinate imprecise skin-based gestures to create very precise designs around very precise forms," explained the studio.

So far the team has explored the project through two prototypes. The first used a Microsoft Kinect sensor to detect and track skin gestures, and a Microsoft Surface Pro 3 tablet as an off-body display for presenting the digital geometry to the designer.

The second prototype switched to an above-mounted Leap Motion Controller for tracking the gestures, and showing them directly on the skin.

"While this sensor provided more robust hand and arm tracking, the gesture detection was more robust with the Kinect," said Madlab. "The second prototype also switched from an auxiliary to mapping and projecting geometry directly onto the body."

The results of the team's experiments and detailed technical information on each part of the process have been published as a research document.

The technology has already been used to create a new watch strap for the Moto 360 Smartwatch.

The position and orientation of the watch face on the wrist, as well as the overall form of the band, were determined by using hand gestures.

The exact measurements and tolerances for the clips to hold the watch face – and the clasp to close the band onto the arm – were pre-determined in the software programming, which was set before the light projection design process began.

                       Nylon and rubber print made from a Selective-Laser Sinter (SLS) 3D printer

A series of test artefacts has also been created to demonstrate the technology with different kinds of interactive geometries, materials, modelling modes and fabrication machines.

These include a PLA plastic print made on a standard desktop 3D printer, a nylon and rubber print created with a Selective-Laser Sinter (SLS) 3D printer, and rubbery print using a Stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer.

Rubbery print made from a Stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer

Tactum was presented at the SXSW Interactive festival in Austin, Texas, earlier this year

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News : Zaha hadid the famous woman in the construction site

Dame Zaha Mohammad Hadid, born 31 October 1950 is an Iraqi-British architect. In 2004 she became the first woman recipient of the Pritzker Architecture Prize and received the Stirling Prize in 2010 and 2011.

Her buildings are distinctively neofuturistic, characterised by the "powerful, curving forms of her elongated structures" with "multiple perspective points and fragmented geometry to evoke the chaos of modern life". She is currently professor at the University of Applied Arts Vienna in Austria.

Zaha Hadid has designed her second set of skyscrapers for Australia – a pair of sinuous towers that will be constructed beside the harbour in Gold Coast, Queensland.

The London-based architect has been appointed by Australian developer Sunland Group to create the pair of towers as part of the redevelopment of Mariner's Cove, best known as the home of the Sea World resort.

The two 44-storey structures will accommodate 370 apartments in total as well as a boutique hotel with 69 suites. Both are designed by Hadid to feature sculptural curved glass forms, reminiscent of muscle sinews, and will be raised up over a curved podium.

"Each residential tower is designed as if it were an organic, living form, with sinuous lines interlacing upwards from the tapered base, creating a sense of flow and movement," said Sunland managing director Sahba Abedian.

"This vibrancy is further brought to life by the reflection and interaction of the glass facade with its stunning setting."

Described by the developer as "the city's first privately-owned cultural precinct dedicated to the arts", the complex will also include an art gallery, a museum and several sculpture gardens, as well as shops, restaurants and an underground aquarium.

The AU$600 million (£300 million) project is Hadid's second commission from Sunland Group, following a trio of towers the architect proposed last year for nearby Brisbane, which also feature tapered profiles.

The team has submitted a planning application to Gold Coast City Council for the Mariner's Cove scheme, while the Brisbane project – entitled Grace on Coronation – has been recommended for approval by the city's planning assessment committee.

Hadid is also currently progressing her plans for a 215-metre-high tower in Miami, and recently completed a trio of pebble-shaped towers in Beijing

Zaha Hadid Architects has designed three residential towers to sit on a riverfront site in Brisbane, Australia, as part of a AUS$420 million development (+ slideshow).

The Zaha Hadid-designed Toowong development will include three tapered towers containing 486 apartments and eight "villas".

"The design tapers each structure to minimise their footprint and open the riverfront to the public; creating a vibrant civic space for Toowong within a new riverside park," said Zaha Hadid in a statement.

According to the developer, each of the towers will have a multi-layered facade design with a glazed curtain wall overlaid with a pattern created from glass reinforced concrete.

This pattern emulates organic petal shapes, creating a non-uniform lattice that becomes sparser at it moves up the building, eventually creating a cage-like structure towards the top.

Located on a strip of land four kilometres to the west of Brisbane's Central Business District, the project will also include 7,300 square metres of public park space, says developer Sunland Group.

The site for the project was formerly occupied by the headquarters of Australia's ABC Radio network, who sold it in 2006 after 17 women who had worked there were diagnosed with breast cancer linked to high radiation levels. It was declared free of contamination in 2010.

Demolition of the old ABC buildings will begin this month ahead of a community consultation process for the plans.

One of Brisbane's oldest residential buildings – a listed single-storey house called Middenbury that was built in the 1860s – occupies part of the area and will be preserved as part of the new development.

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Future Highways Made From Recycled Plastic Bottles

Plastic Bottles are recycled into jeans, toys, furniture and, yes, more plastic bottles. The Dutch city of Rotterdam wants to turn them into highway.
The city is seriously considering the technology, which is called Plastic Road. Construction firm VolkerWessels calls it a greener alternative to asphalt that is stronger, easier to maintain, and more resistant to temperature extremes than conventional blacktop.

 Asphalt, which is dark bituminous pitch mixed with sand or gravel, has long reigned as the road construction material of choice because it is relatively quick and easy to install, cheap, and remarkably durable. It’s also an environmental scourge: Its production releases 96 million tons of CO2 into the atmosphere annually.

That’s led inventors to ponder planet-friendlier materials and applications, including solar-panel arrays and luminescent paint designed to absorb solar energy. And in India, plastic refuse (including bags) already has been used in place of bitumen in 3,000 miles of roadway.

Plastic Road may not look as cool as some tech-laden proposals, but it’s practical. It doesn't rely on technical breakthroughs, making it a suitable replacement for asphalt within a few years, according to VolkerWessels. Since the highway is hollow, cables and pipes can easily pass through. It can also be prefabricated and transported as and where needed, reducing construction and traffic disruptions.

Another benefit not to be overlooked: Plastic Road makes use of our waste. The US generated 33 million tons of plastic waste in 2013, only 9 percent of which was recycled.

However promising, the idea is still just a concept. A prototype must be built and tested to ensure it’s safe to drive on, or if a plastic road will give new meaning to “slippery when wet.”

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Sourcing and Electronic Auctions .. the different way

Our Goal is to present most common auction types and  negotiating software agents.

Basic Concepts:

Four Auction Types

•English auction

•Dutch auction

•Competitive sealed bid

•Vickrey auction

1-•English auction:

Description:

•Characteristics: Open–Ascending

•Used for: Art masterpieces–Fish–Everything!

Protocol:

1.initial price declaration

2.if no other bid, auction fails

3.each bid must be higher than the previous one, the initial price being considered as the first bid

4.if no bid is made after n seconds, the last bid is the winner bid

2-•Dutch auction:

Description:

•Characteristics: Open–Descending

•Used for: Tulips in Holland–Produce and cattle markets

Protocol:

1.initial price declaration

2.if the price is not accepted after n seconds, a new lower price is proposed

3.if some bidder accepts the last price, the auction end with a winner

4.if the price is lower than lowest acceptable value, the auction fails

3-•Procurement(Competitive Sealed Bid)

Description:

•Characteristics: Sealed–Towards maximization or minimization of certain values

•Used for: Public procurement–Sourcing

Protocol:

1.Request for proposal (RFP)–Specification of the object–Deadline–Evaluation criteria

2.Bidders submits a sealed bid

3.Bids are opened simultaneously

4.If no bid is acceptable, the auction fails

5.The winner bid is chosen

4-•Vickrey auction:

Description:

•Characteristics:Sealed–Competitive

•Used for: Rare stamps

Protocol:

1.Request for proposal (RFP)–Specification of the object–Deadline–Evaluation criteria

2.Bidders submits a sealed bid

3.Bids are opened simultaneously

4.The high bidder wins

5.The high bidder pays the second-high price

A Taste of Auction Analysis:

RV and MBOO

•Reservation value: Maximal value–Minimal value–Key for English auctions–Key for Vickrey auctions

•Maximum bid of others: Key for Dutch auctions–Key for procurement

Equivalence of Auctions

•In a pure game-theoretical approach: English auctions–Dutch auctions–Procurement–Vickrey auctions

•Lead to the same result: For the auctioneer–For the bidders

Conclusion :

Various auction types

•English•Dutch•Procurement•Vickrey

Auction analysis:

RV and MBOO

Software agents

Simple contracts–Many negotiators

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Information Management - Information technology

The Birth of an (IT) Legend

Meeting New Friends…!

Miscellaneous Thoughts:

“We are not in the product business, we are in the knowledge business.”                                               

“Technology has given us the ability to understand 

what's selling in every store, item by item and hour by hour 
Looking for Information…

Aggregation!

Strategy, Technology, and Organization!

Basic Notions!

Data: A value that describes a part of the world

Information: Data with a low probability of occurrence

Knowledge: Interpretation of some piece of information by a human

Information Systems!

                             

The Information Life Cycle!

Knowledge Extraction Data Mining!

• Data warehouse 

• Machine Learning –Genetic algorithms –Decision trees (or forests) –Neural networks

Data Storage!

• Files
• Databases –Relational –NoSQL • Cloud-based Services
Information Publication!
• The Web vs Email vs Skype • Portals • Social Media • Syndication (RSS/Atom)
Knowledge Extraction Data Mining!

Thank you !

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Article like no other : Start Earning with a Real company

Recyclix is ​​a Polish company with headquarters in Warsaw. This company specializes in the recovery of recyclable products.

Contact details Recyclix are:
Al.Solidarnosci 115, office 2 zip: 00140, Warszawa, Polska
Tel: +48 662-862-010
E-mail: info@recyclix.com
KRS: 0000533282 REGON: 360290387 NIP: 5272725464
                             
Recyclix buys recyclable raw materials such as plastic LDPE (low-density polyethylene) which is currently the 4th most recycled material in the world. LDPE is then granulated and valued in various industrial applications (including plastics).

Recyclix The goal is to appeal to the general public investment (principle of crowdfunding) to purchase its materials in large quantities in order to lower costs.

The compensation plan offered to investors is:

sharing profits at 25% minimum
average weekly yield of 2%
Paypal
20 euros offered for inclusion, investing in the company of course
Referral commissions on 4 levels: 10% 3% 2% 1%

Recyclix has offices in Warsaw, the company can be reached by telephone, email and on all social networks

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Intelligent systems : Technology , Operation , Simulation

Next generation construction system, which works as efficient as the manufacturing industry, has to be developed.

Current problems in the construction industry:
-architect engineers create the construction plan for each phase,
-information flow is one-way (from the design phase to the construction phase)
-because no feedback such as the optimized material partition plan is required from the construction phase back to the design phase, a productivity is low
-difficult to determine the best sequence and the best route to transform the materials

On contrast in the manufacturing industry it is common:
-to be cost effective, by production planning, which concludes the standardization of the materials, better line designs in the factories, and cost analysis.

Currently construction companies have been developing the automated construction system, aiming at the level of efficiency as with the manufacturing industry.

The system will help us establish the construction plans in the early stage of the planning, including the optimized materials and labor assignment.

At the construction site, the real-time intelligent system should be able to monitor and judge the construction phase, based on the actual achievements. These two systems should be integrated together by sharing the same project database.

New intelligent system

-uses the modelling technology and the optimization technology for each planning stage, during the preliminary planning phase when CAD data is not available.
-the construction planning manager still evaluate the basic construction method, while this system keeps simulating the schedules with various parameters
-Database has been merged into Project Database, which will be shared among the distributed system

Operation flow:
The system consists of the simulator and four subsystems: Project Input subsystem, Project Database subsystem, Best sequence of Material Attachment Determination subsystem, and Result Display subsystem:
Step 1: Based on drawings and specifications, a building model and a temporary work plan are input by Project Input subsystem
Step 2: Confirm the construction condition (default values of work time, work procedure, number of labor, work ratio, experience, coefficient of variation) and modify them if necessary.
Step 3: Output a cycle schedule, time chart total schedule, labor chart, operation ratio of the cranes, animation of the construction process, base on the output of the simulator (Inference Engine)
Step 4: Evaluate the output in term of security, cost, analysis, work period, quality.
Step 5: Optimize labor, machines, and materials
Step 6: Feedback the optimized construction plan to the design

Project Input subsystem:
This subsystem enables to input of the material data needed to create a construction plan in a short period and capable to establish the temporary work plan including cranes, stock yields, temporary office, a site.
-after drawing the centre lines, this subsystem automatically generates three dimensional object data of frameworks such as columns, beams, floors and facings.
-the default dimension of each framework is calculated automatically based on the height of the floor, the length of the span, the area of the floor and the common knowledge for a steel frame office building.
-by changing the attributes such as dimensions, materials, shapes of the frameworks, merging, deleting, and moving the frameworks on the referenced floor, the building model necessary for the construction plan can be easily created.
-Next step is to locate cranes, stock yields, temporary enclosures.

Project database subsystem:
All the resources such as materials, cranes, labor, are stored as objects to handle various construction methods. Among those objects, objects that are influenced by the special limitation can be modified in this subsystem.

Best sequence of the material attachment determine subsystem:
Materials, labor, cranes and performance are all pre-compiled for efficiency purpose and all stored in the form of tables. Tracker select the possible items in each table and creates the conflict set. According to the inference strategy resolve the conflict set, execute the movement and record it to the tracker, and update the conflict set based on the previous action. This inference is repeated until all the conflicts are resolved

Simulation result display subsystem.
This subsystem is to show the overall plan produced by the simulator systematically. The output information consists of the labor, materials, and the schedule of cranes both in hourly and daily basis.

Simulator
The procedure to obtain the best process plan has been show so far using subsystems described above. This system optimizes the overall construction plan by means of three level simulations using the object database

Result of the simulation:
Only 15 minutes was used to input the building model in the system, another 25 minutes was used by the system for simulation. Modifying the parameters by the first and second level simulators took approximately 33 minutes. An architectural engineer with 5 year experience tried to create the same construction plan without this system. It took him 5 hours to create the construction plan, another 4 hours to output the construction table, the labor chart, the material chart and the operation ration of the cranes, which were not optimized. Therefore, the system reduced the labor force by 90%.

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